Specific measures that include our joint action plan with Mexico include technology and strengthening bilateral cooperation to ensure humane, efficient and modernized border management that connects our peoples and economies. Why is this border conflict in Nepal so politically charged? Now that the Schengen Agreement is part of the acquis communautaire, it has lost treaty status for EU members, which could only be changed in accordance with its provisions. Instead, changes will be made in accordance with the EU legislative process under the EU Treaties. [12] Ratification by the former signatories of the Agreement is not necessary to amend or repeal the former Schengen acquis in whole or in part. [13] Acts laying down the conditions for entry into the Schengen area are now adopted by a majority of EU legislative bodies. The new EU Member States do not sign the Schengen Agreement as such, but are required to implement the Schengen rules within the framework of already existing EU legislation, which any new entrant must accept. [Citation needed] Since then, Portugal has introduced controls along its border with Spain on several occasions, during UEFA Euro 2004 and when Portugal hosted the 2010 NATO Summit in Lisbon. The most recent controls were temporarily reintroduced at the border from May 10, 2017 to May 14, 2017, during Pope Francis` visit to Fátima, Portugal. [17] Signed in New Delhi on 11 April 2005, available in the Chinese database on MFA contracts in English, Chinese and Hindi. The English text of the agreement can also be found in the Indian Indian Treaty Database in the MEA region. Article 1 states: “Differences on the border issue shall not affect the overall development of bilateral relations. The two sides will resolve the border issue through peaceful and friendly consultations.

There are many bold possibilities: perhaps there could be a joint deployment of military and police forces, as in the 1960s on the Sino-Nepal border. Given the trade potential, the two countries could also consider establishing a special economic zone. Finally, it is in the interest of both that Indian and Nepalese pilgrims can use the improved infrastructure of the Kalapani region to reach Mount Kailash. Hostile states were able to find such innovative solutions in other parts of the world, and at one point India and Pakistan were on the verge of finding solutions for Siachen or making Kashmir`s borders irrelevant. Because of their history of friendly and pragmatic relations, it should not be difficult for India and Nepal to think outside the box and find a practical solution. Delhi and Kathmandu could pave the way to rid the subcontinent of the sovereignist, nationalist and territorial logic that continues to disadvantage everyone in the region. Has China staged this border dispute between India and Nepal? There is no better example of the biggest problem in India-Nepal relations than the tragic fate of the report prepared by the Group of Eminent Persons (EPG) of the two countries. The EPG was tasked in 2015 by Prime Minister Modi and former Nepalese Prime Minister Deuba to assess the state of bilateral relations and make important recommendations, whether on the 1950 treaty or on opening borders.

Even if political trust is restored and diplomatic dialogue begins, whether in a few days, months or years, both sides will have to compromise. The border dispute has now turned into a permanent political nuisance between the two countries. The status quo favours India, which has comfortable control over the territory. India may choose to sweep the issue under the rug, but not without significantly harming its interests and influence in Nepal. Since the 1962 war, the two countries have concluded various bilateral agreements as confidence-building measures (CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES) to prevent an escalation of the situation, including the high-profile 1996 agreement and the “dominant practice” of not using weapons in the vicinity of lac resulting from this and other agreements. Below we have described the various bilateral agreements and relevant governmental and international sources to which they can access: The English text of the protocol was signed in New Delhi on 11 April 2005 and can be found on the bilateral/multilateral documents page of the Media Centre of the Ministry of External Affairs of India (MEA). A copy and summary of the protocol can also be found in the UN Peacemakers Database and the PA-X Peace Agreement Database. The protocol aims to implement previous agreements and “establish agreed modalities for the implementation of confidence-building measures, including through procedures for the exchange of information on troop movements and the holding of biannual meetings on border issues.